Biomedical titanium gami kayan da aikace-aikace
Biomedical titanium gami kayan da aikace-aikace
Kayayyakin alloy na biomedical na musamman suna nufin nau'in kayan aikin kayan aiki da ake amfani da su a aikin injiniyan halittu, musamman don samarwa da kera kayan aikin tiyata da samfuran na'urar orthopedic. Ƙirƙira da shirye-shiryen kayan sarrafa kayan haɗin gwal na titanium sun haɗa da fannonin ƙarfe, sarrafa matsi, kayan haɗin gwiwa, da masana'antar sinadarai, kuma sanannen samfuri ne mai fasaha a duniya. Titanium da titanium gami a hankali sun shiga fagen amfani da farar hula daga fagagen sararin samaniya, jiragen sama, da tsaron ƙasa. Samfura irin su dasawa da na'urorin likitanci a cikin masana'antar likita da kiwon lafiya; Kulab ɗin golf na titanium a cikin masana'antar wasanni da nishaɗi, da firam ɗin gilashin titanium, agogon titanium, kekuna titanium, da sauran samfuran, buƙatun kayan sarrafa titanium yana ƙaruwa koyaushe. Tare da ƙwaƙƙwaran haɓakawa da ci gaban fasahar kere kere, samfuran ƙarfe da masana'antar samfuran za su haɓaka zuwa masana'antar ginshiƙi na tattalin arzikin duniya. Daga cikin su, titanium da kayan haɗin gwiwarsa sun sami ci gaba cikin sauri da tsayin daka cikin buƙata a cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda ingantattun kaddarorin su kamar nauyin nauyi, ƙarancin roba, mara guba da mara ƙarfi, juriya mai lalata, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, da tauri mai kyau. A lokaci guda kuma, yayin da alluran titanium suka fara shiga aikin tiyatar filastik da sauran fagage, sabbin buƙatun kasuwa sun bayyana, kuma kasuwar gami da titanium za ta yi girma cikin sauri a nan gaba.
Ci gaban bincike na kayan aikin titanium na likita
1.1 Rarraba kayan aikin titanium na likita
Titanium alloys za a iya raba kashi uku bisa ga nau'in microstructure na kayan abu: nau'in α, nau'in α+β, da nau'in β titanium gami.
1.2 Haɓaka Tsarin Cigaban Magunguna na Titanium Alloys
Bayan wallafe-wallafen bincike, an gano cewa masu bincike masu dacewa a gida da waje sun yi imani da cewa ci gaban magunguna titanium gami ya wuce matakai uku masu ban mamaki. Mataki na farko yana wakiltar titanium mai tsabta da Ti-6Al-4V gami; mataki na biyu yana wakiltar Ti New α + β alloys wanda aka wakilta ta -5A1-2.5Fe da Ti-6A1-7Nb; mataki na uku shine babban mataki na haɓakawa da haɓaka β-titanium gami tare da mafi kyawun haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙananan ƙwayoyin roba. Madaidaici biomedical titanium gami kayan dole ne ya hadu da waɗannan sharuɗɗan: mai kyau bioacompatibility, ƙananan na'ura mai laushi, ƙananan ƙarancin ƙima, kyawawan kaddarorin anti-lalata, marasa guba, ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa, tsawon rayuwar gajiya, da babban filastik a dakin da zafin jiki. , Sauƙaƙen tsari, sauƙin jefawa, da dai sauransu Mahimman abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kayan da aka yi amfani da su sosai sune Ti-6A1-4V da Ti-6A1-4VELI. Akwai rahotanni a cikin wallafe-wallafen cewa nau'in V na iya haifar da mummunan halayen nama kuma yana iya samun sakamako mai guba a jikin mutum, yayin da Al zai iya haifar da osteoporosis da rashin hankali. Don magance wannan matsalar, masana kimiyyar halittu a halin yanzu sun himmatu wajen yin bincike da bincike na V-free, Al's sabon biomedical titanium alloy kayan, kafin haka ya zama dole a gano irin nau'ikan abubuwan gami da suka dace don ƙara waɗanda ba masu guba bane kuma masu dacewa da su. . Nazarin ya gano cewa β-titanium alloys dauke da abubuwa marasa guba irin su molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, da zirconium sun ƙunshi mafi girman abun ciki na abubuwan β-stabilizing kuma suna da ƙananan modul na roba (E = 55 ~ 80GPa) kuma mafi kyawun aikin shear tauri, ya fi dacewa da dasawa a cikin jikin ɗan adam azaman dasawa.
Aikace-aikace na titanium gami
2.1 Tushen likitanci na alloys titanium
Babban fa'idodin amfani da titanium da titanium alloys a matsayin ɗan adam shine: (1) Density (20°C) = 4.5g/cm3 da nauyi. An dasa shi cikin jikin mutum: rage nauyi a jikin mutum; azaman na'urar likita: rage nauyin aiki akan ma'aikatan lafiya. (2) The roba modulus ne low, kuma tsarki titanium ne 108500MPa. Lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin jikin mutum: yana kusa da kashin dabi'a na jikin mutum, wanda ke taimakawa wajen dasa kasusuwa kuma yana rage tasirin kariya na damuwa na kashi akan dasa. (3) Rashin Magnetic, filayen lantarki da tsawa ba su shafa ba, wanda ke da fa'ida ga lafiyar ɗan adam bayan amfani. (4) Ba shi da guba kuma ba shi da guba ko illa a jikin ɗan adam a matsayin dasawa. (5) Juriya na lalata (kayan aikin ƙarfe mara ƙarfi na halitta). Yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata a cikin yanayin nutsewar jinin ɗan adam kuma yana tabbatar da dacewa mai kyau tare da jinin ɗan adam da kyallen takarda. A matsayin dasawa, ba ya haifar da gurɓataccen ɗan adam kuma ba shi da lahani ga jikin ɗan adam. Rashin lafiyan halayen zai faru, wanda shine ainihin yanayin aikace-aikacen titanium da titanium. (6) Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da tauri mai kyau. Lalacewar kashi da haɗin gwiwa saboda rauni, ciwace-ciwace, da sauran abubuwa. Don kafa ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙashi, dole ne a yi amfani da faranti na baka, sukurori, ƙasusuwan wucin gadi, haɗin gwiwa, da sauransu. Dole ne a bar waɗannan abubuwan da aka saka a wurin na dogon lokaci. jikin mutum zai kasance yana fuskantar lankwasa, karkatarwa, matsewa, raunin tsoka, da sauran tasirin jikin mutum, yana buƙatar dasa shuki don samun ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
2.2 Likitanci da filayen orthopedic na alloys titanium
Halin Kasuwa Tare da haɓaka kayan haɗin gwal na titanium, haɓaka nau'ikan kayan kayan titanium, da raguwar farashin, aikace-aikacen titanium a cikin masana'antar farar hula ya ninka sau biyu. CFDA ta raba na'urorin kiwon lafiya zuwa matakai uku bisa ga amincin su daga babba zuwa ƙasa, kuma matakan gwamnati uku ne ke kulawa da su. Abubuwan da aka yi da titanium da kayan gami na titanium suna cikin nau'i na uku na na'urorin likitanci kuma abubuwan amfani ne masu daraja. Ƙananan sassan da ke lissafin sama da 5% na kasuwa sun haɗa da manyan sassa shida: in vitro diagnostics, cardiology, diagnostic imaging, orthopedics, ophthalmology, da filastik tiyata. Daga cikin su, bincike na in vitro, likitan kasusuwa, da kuma aikin zuciya su ne mafi girma mafi girma da darajar amfani a kasar Sin. Aikace-aikacen titanium na biomedical da kayan haɗin gwal sun wuce matakai uku masu ban mamaki: Aikace-aikacen farko A farkon shekarun 1950, na farko a cikin United Kingdom da Amurka, ana amfani da titanium mai tsabta na kasuwanci don kera faranti, sukurori, kusoshi na intramedullary, da hip. gidajen abinci. Kamfanin na Swiss Mathys kuma yana amfani da titin Ti-6A1-7Nb don kera tsarin ƙusa mara faɗaɗɗen intramedullary (ciki har da tibia, humerus, da femur) da screws don maganin karyewar ƙashi na wuyan mace. Porous Ni-Ti (PNT) alloy bioactive abu ana amfani dashi don kera cervical da lumbar intervertebral fusion cages (Cage). Kamfanin Kanada BIORTHEX ya haɓaka kejin mahaifa da lumbar intervertebral fusion cage wanda aka yi da kayan Ni-Ti alloy mai ƙyalli na ACTIPORE G don maganin raunin kashin baya. Za'a iya amfani da sabon gami na beta titanium azaman kayan haɓakawa don dalilai da yawa kamar likitancin kasusuwa, likitan haƙori, da sa hannun jijiyoyin jini. Masana'antar na'urorin likitancin kasusuwa suna da kashi 9% na rabon kasuwar kayan aikin likitanci na duniya kuma har yanzu suna girma cikin sauri. Kasuwancin na'urorin likitanci na orthopedic an raba shi da farko zuwa yankuna huɗu: rauni, haɗin gwiwa, kashin baya, da sauransu. Daga cikin su, rauni shine kashi daya tilo wanda a halin yanzu ba shi da babban kaso na kasuwa da kamfanonin kasashen waje suka mamaye. Babban dalili shi ne cewa samfuran da ke cikin wannan filin suna da ƙarancin fasaha, suna da sauƙin kwaikwaya, kuma basu da wahalar aiki. Ana iya yin su a yawancin asibitoci na biyu da na uku, kuma kamfanonin kasashen waje ba za su iya cika su ba. Ana iya raba samfuran rauni zuwa na'urorin gyarawa na ciki da na waje. Samfuran raunin rauni na ciki sun haɗa da kusoshi na intramedullary, faranti na kashi, sukurori, da sauransu. A cikin 2012, rauni ya kai kashi 34% na kasuwar orthopedics na cikin gida, haɗin gwiwa 28%, kashin baya 20%, da sauransu. 18%. Manyan haɗin gwiwa sune manyan na'urorin likitanci tare da manyan shingen fasaha. A halin yanzu, asibitoci na yau da kullun suna amfani da kayan aikin kashi da aka shigo da su. Har yanzu akwai tazara tsakanin kayayyakin gida da na waje ta fuskar fasaha, ƙira, bincike da haɓakawa, kayan aiki, hanyoyin kula da ƙasa, da sauransu. An raba mahaɗin wucin gadi zuwa guiwa na wucin gadi, hips, gwiwar hannu, kafadu, haɗin yatsa da ƙafafu, da sauransu. Daga cikin su, mafi mahimmancin maye gurbin haɗin gwiwa sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa na hip da gwiwa, wanda ke tattare da fiye da kashi 95% na kasuwar maye gurbin haɗin gwiwar duniya. Na'urorin da aka saka na kashin baya sun haɗa da tsarin farantin ƙusa na thoracolumbar, tsarin farantin farantin mahaifa na mahaifa, da tsarin cage fusion, daga cikinsu ana amfani da tsarin cage intervertebral don maye gurbin diski na intervertebral kuma shine mafi mahimmancin sashi, yana lissafin kusan dukkanin kasuwar dasa ta kashin baya. . rabin.
Kammalawa
Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa na alloys titanium sun ba da gudummawa ga matsayi na gaba a fannin likitanci. Ƙirar kayan aiki da fasaha na shirye-shiryen kayan aikin titanium sun haɓaka da sauri tare da ci gaba a cikin fasahar kere-kere da kuma babban buƙatar aikace-aikacen likita. The magunguna titanium gami A halin yanzu ana samar da su galibi α+β irin titanium gami. Daga hangen nesa fasahar shirye-shirye, samar da TC4 (TC4ELI) a halin yanzu ya mamaye babban kasuwar kasuwa. β-type titanium alloy yana da wasu fa'idodi a cikin daidaituwar halittu da daidaituwar injina, don haka ya zama wurin bincike don sabbin alluran titanium na likitanci kuma shine mafi kyawun fasahar fasaha a fagen aikin likitanci. A nan gaba, fasahar samar da kayan aikin titanium ya kamata ya haɓaka a cikin jagorancin ƙananan ƙarancin, ƙarfin ƙarfi, mai kyau bioacompatibility, da inji mai dacewa. Daga hangen nesa na ci gaba da haɓakawa, nau'in β-type titanium alloys zai zama jagorar ci gaba na gaba da kuma al'adar kasuwar gami da titanium na likitanci.
